in our times of hardship and ease, and when others are preferred over us, and that we do not dispute the authority of its rightful people, he said: "unless you see clear disbelief for which you have proof from Allāh." This wording is from Muslim. In Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, from Ibn ʿUmar (raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhu), that he heard the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) say: "Whoever withdraws a hand from obedience will meet Allāh on the Day of Resurrection without any argument, and whoever dies without a pledge of allegiance on his neck dies a death of ignorance." In Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ (raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhumā), that the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) said: "Whoever pledges allegiance to an imam, giving him the grasp of his hand and the sincerity of his heart, let him obey him if he can. If another comes to dispute with him, strike the neck of the latter." In Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, from ʿArfajah ibn Shurayḥ (raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhu), that the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) said: "Whoever comes to you while your affairs are united, intending to cause division among you..