- "A woman should not fast a voluntary fast on a day other than Ramadan while her husband is present except with his permission." It was recorded by al-Dārimī in his "Sunan" (2/12): Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad informed us, Sufyān narrated to us from Abū al-Zinād from al-Aʿraj from Abū Hurayrah from the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) who said: and he mentioned it. I say: This isnād is authentic according to the criteria of Muslim, all its narrators are trustworthy from his men. The ḥadīth was recorded by the two Shaykhs [al-Bukhārī and Muslim] through other chains from Sufyān without the phrase: "a voluntary fast on a day other than Ramadan." This is an authentic and established addition, and for this reason, I have included the ḥadīth here. It has also been reported through two other chains from Abū Hurayrah with a similar wording. One of the isnāds is authentic, and the other is good, and it has supporting evidence from the ḥadīth of Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, which is more complete and includes an explanation of the reason for its narration, along with other benefits that should be reviewed. This is its text, he (raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhu) said: "A woman came to the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) while we were with him, and she said: O Messenger of Allāh, my husband Ṣafwān ibn al-Muʿaṭṭal beats me when I pray, and makes me break my fast when I fast, and he does not pray Fajr until the sun rises." He said: "And Ṣafwān was present, so he asked him about what she said?" He said: "O Messenger of Allāh, as for her saying: 'He beats me when I pray,' it is because she recites two sūrahs, (which delays me) and I have forbidden her (from them)." He said: "If it were one sūrah, it would suffice the people." "As for her saying 'He makes me break my fast,' she goes and fasts, and I am a young man, and I cannot be patient." So the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) said that day: "A woman should not fast except with her husband's permission." "As for her saying 'I do not pray until the sun rises,' we are a household known for..
- "لا تصوم المرأة يوما تطوعا في غير رمضان وزوجها شاهد إلا بإذنه". أخرجه الدارمي في "سننه" (٢ / ١٢): أخبرنا محمد بن أحمد حدثنا سفيان عن أبي الزناد عن الأعرج عن أبي هريرة عن النبي ﷺ قال: فذكره. قلت: وهذا إسناد صحيح على شرط مسلم، جميع رواته ثقات من رجاله. والحديث أخرجه الشيخان من طرق عن سفيان دون قوله: "يوما تطوعا في غير رمضان". وهي زيادة صحيحة ثابتة، ومن أجلها خرجت الحديث هنا، وقد جاءت من طريقين آخرين عن أبي هريرة نحوه. وإسناد أحدهما صحيح، والآخر حسن، وله شاهد من حديث أبي سعيد الخدري أتم منه وفيه بيان سبب وروده، مع فوائد أخرى ينبغي الاطلاع عليها، وهذا نصه، قال ﵁: "جاءت امرأة إلى النبي ﷺ ونحن عنده، فقالت: يا رسول الله إن زوجي صفوان بن المعطل يضربني إذا صليت، ويفطرني إذا صمت، ولا يصلي صلاة الفجر حتى تطلع الشمس، قال: وصفوان عنده، قال: فسأله عما قالت؟ فقال: يا رسول الله أما قولها: "يضربني إذا صليت"، فإنها تقرأ بسورتين، (فتعطلني) وقد نهيتها (عنهما)، قال: فقال: لو كانت سورة واحدة لكفت الناس. وأما قولها "يفطرني"، فإنها تنطلق فتصوم وأنا رجل شاب، فلا أصبر، فقال رسول الله ﷺ يومئذ: "لا تصوم امرأة إلا بإذن زوجها". وأما قولها "إنى لا أصلي حتى تطلع الشمس" فإنا أهل بيت قد عرف لنا