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"al-Shuʿab" (7/25/9330), and Aḥmad (4/412) - and the context is his -; they said: Qāsim ibn Mālik Abū Jaʿfar narrated to us: ʿĀṣim ibn Kulayb narrated to us from Abū Burdah who said: I entered upon Abū Mūsá in the house of the daughter of Umm al-Faḍl, I sneezed and he did not say "may Allāh have mercy on you" to me, but when she sneezed, he said it to her. So I returned to my mother and informed her. When she came to him, she said: My son sneezed in your presence and you did not say "may Allāh have mercy on you" to him, but when she sneezed, you did? He replied: Your son sneezed and did not praise Allāh, so I did not say it to him, but she sneezed and praised Allāh, so I said it to her. And I heard the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) say... and he mentioned it. She said: You did well, you did well... From this perspective, it was recorded by Muslim (8/225), al-Bukhārī in "al-Adab al-Mufrad" (941), al-Ṭabarānī in "al-Duʿāʾ" (3/1694/1997), and al-Ḥākim (4/265) who said: "Its chain of transmission is authentic, and they did not record it!" and al-Dhahabī agreed! This is what they said, but they erred in their correction regarding Muslim! (Benefit): al-Nawawī said in "Sharḥ Muslim": "This daughter is Umm Kulthūm, the daughter of al-Faḍl ibn al-ʿAbbās, the wife of Abū Mūsá al-Ashʿarī. He married her after al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī separated from her, and she bore children for Abū Mūsá, and he died leaving her; then ʿImrān ibn Ṭalḥah married her and separated from her, and she died in Kūfah and was buried outside it." (Note): The word "daughter" was omitted from "al-Adab al-Mufrad" in the edition by Muḥibb al-Dīn al-Khaṭīb, and the edition by al-Jaylānī (4/393) said: "in the house of Umm al-Faḍl ibn al-ʿAbbās." I suspect this is from some of the copyists. Know that it is well-known among the scholars that saying "may Allāh have mercy on you" is a communal obligation, so if some fulfill it, it is no longer required of the others. However, it has been authentically reported from Abū Hurayrah in a raised ḥadīth with the wording:
"الشعب" (٧/٢٥/٩٣٣٠) -، وأحمد (٤/٤١٢) - والسياق له-؛ قالا: ثنا القاسم ابن مالك أبو جعفر: ثنا عاصم بن كليب عن أبي بردة قال: دخلت على أبي موسى في بيت ابنة أم الفضل، فعطست ولم يشمتني، وعطست فشمتها، فرجعت إلى أمي فأخبرتها، فلما جاءها قالت: عطس ابني عندك فلم تشمته، وعطست فشمتها؟ فقال: إن ابنك عطس فلم يحمد الله تعالى فلم أشمته، وإنها عطست وحمدت الله فشمتها، وسمعت رسول الله- ﷺ يقول ... فذكره. فقالت: أحسنت أحسنت.... ومن هذا الوجه أخرجه مسلم (٨/٢٢٥)، والبخاري في "الأدب المفرد" (٩٤١)، والطبراني في "الدعاء" (٣/١٦٩٤/١٩٩٧)، والحاكم (٤/٢٦٥) وقال: "صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه"! ووافقه الذهبي! كذا قالا، وقد وهما في استدراكه على مسلم! (فائدة): قال النووي في "شرح مسلم": "هذه البنت هي أم كلثوم بنت الفضل بن العباس امرأة أبي موسى الأشعري، تزوجها بعد فراق الحسن بن علي لها، وولدت لأبي موسى، ومات عنها؛ فتزوجها بعده عمران بن طلحة ففارقها، وماتت بالكوفة ودفنت بظاهرها". (تنبيه): سقطت لفظة: "ابنة" من "الأدب المفرد" طبعة محب الدين الخطيب، وطبعة الجيلاني (٤/٣٩٣) فقال: "في بيت أم الفضل بن العباس". فأظنه من بعض النساخ. واعلم أن المشهور بين العلماء أن التشميت فرض كفاية، فإذا قام به البعض سقط عن الباقين، لكن قد صح من حديث أبي هريرة مرفوعاً بلفظ:
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