"A Muslim has four duties towards another Muslim: to say 'may Allāh have mercy on you' when he sneezes, to respond when he invites him, to attend his funeral when he dies, and to visit him when he is sick." This was narrated by al-Bukhārī in "al-Adab al-Mufrad" (923), Ibn Mājah (1/438), Ibn Ḥibbān (2064), and Baḥshal in "Tārīkh Wāsiṭ" (p. 217), al-Ḥākim (1/349 and 4/264), and Aḥmad (5/273) from ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Jaʿfar from his father from Ḥakīm ibn Aflaḥ from Abū Masʿūd from the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) who said it. Al-Ḥākim said: "Authentic according to the criteria of the two Shaykhs!" and al-Dhahabī agreed with him! This is what they said, but it is one of their errors for several reasons: First, this Ḥakīm was not included by the two Shaykhs in their "Ṣaḥīḥayn," but al-Bukhārī included him in "al-Adab al-Mufrad" as you have seen. Second, he is among the unknown narrators; al-Dhahabī said in his biography in "al-Mīzān": "His only narrator is the father of ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Jaʿfar." I say: Therefore, the ḥāfiẓ did not authenticate him but only said: "Acceptable." Third, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Jaʿfar was only narrated by al-Bukhārī in a suspended form. And his father, Jaʿfar - who is the son of ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥakam al-Anṣārī - was only narrated by al-Bukhārī in "al-Adab al-Mufrad" as well. I say: From this, you learn the error of the commentator on "Tahdhīb al-Kamāl" in his statement (7/162): "And its isnād is authentic." Yes, the ḥadīth is authentic from the narration of Abū Hurayrah with the wording: "The rights of a Muslim over another Muslim are five... and in another narration: six." He mentioned these four and added:
" للمسلم على المسلم أربع خلال: يشمته إذا عطس ويجيبه إذا دعاه ويشهده إذا مات ويعوده إذا مرض ". أخرجه البخاري في " الأدب المفرد " (٩٢٣) وابن ماجة (١ / ٤٣٨) وابن حبان (٢٠٦٤) وبحشل في " تاريخ واسط " (ص ٢١٧) والحاكم (١ / ٣٤٩ و ٤ / ٢٦٤) وأحمد (٥ / ٢٧٣) عن عبد الحميد بن جعفر عن أبيه عن حكيم بن أفلح عن أبي مسعود عن النبي ﷺ قال: فذكره، وقال الحاكم: " صحيح على شرط الشيخين "! ووافقه الذهبي! كذا قالا، وهو من أوهامهما لأمور: الأول: أن حكيما هذا لم يخرج له الشيخان في " صحيحيهما " وإنما أخرج له البخاري في " الأدب المفرد " كما رأيت. الثاني: أنه في عداد المجهولين، قال الذهبي في ترجمته من " الميزان ": " تفرد عنه والد عبد الحميد بن جعفر ". قلت: ولذلك لم يوثقه الحافظ وإنما قال: " مقبول ". الثالث: أن عبد الحميد ابن جعفر إنما روى له البخاري تعليقا. وأبوه جعفر - وهو ابن عبد الله بن الحكم الأنصاري - إنما روى له البخاري في " الأدب المفرد " أيضا. قلت: ومن هنا تعلم خطأ المعلق على " تهذيب الكمال " في قوله (٧ / ١٦٢) : " وإسناده صحيح ". نعم، صح الحديث من حديث أبي هريرة بلفظ: " حق المسلم على المسلم خمس ... وفي رواية: ست ". فذكر هذه الأربع وزاد: