on an Islamic methodology, then the matter would be somewhat easier in this partial error. However, they follow a non-Islamic methodology, based on imitating some Europeans who have no religion! and turning away from benefiting from the sharīʿah of Allāh, which He revealed to the heart of Muḥammad (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) to be a light and guidance for people in every time and place. To Allāh is the complaint against the evil scholars and customs who support the unjust rulers with their fatwás that deviate from the path of Islam and the way of the Muslims. And Allāh says: "And whoever opposes the Messenger after guidance has become clear to him and follows other than the way of the believers, We will turn him to what he has turned to and burn him in Hell, and what an evil destination." (Sūrah al-Nisāʾ, 115) Moreover, in the ḥadīth, there is a well-known fiqh principle that the zakāt on crops varies according to the effort and cost involved. If it is watered by rain, springs, and rivers, its zakāt is a tenth. If it is watered by buckets and irrigation systems (artesian wells) and the like, its zakāt is half a tenth. This zakāt is not obligatory on everything the land produces, even if it is little, but it is restricted by a known niṣāb in the sunnah, and there are well-known ḥadīths about this.

- "The people most severely tested are the prophets, then those nearest to them, then those nearest to them. A person is tested according to the strength of his religion. If his religion is strong, his trial is intensified, and if there is weakness in his religion, he is tested according to his religion. The trial will continue with the servant until it leaves him walking on the earth without a sin." Narrated by al-Tirmidhī (2/64), Ibn Mājah (4023), al-Dārimī (2/320), al-Ṭaḥāwī (3/61), Ibn Ḥibbān (699), al-Ḥākim (1/40, 41), and Aḥmad (1/