therefore, I say: if it were not for the fact that in the isnād of the ḥadīth there is Ibn al-Sharqī—whose name is ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan—and the narrator from him is Ibn Ḥāmid, for whom I found no biography, I would have judged this isnād as authentic. Then I saw that al-Bayhaqī included it in "Shuʿab al-Īmān" (2/36/2) through another route, saying: Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-ʿAlawī narrated to us, ʿAbd ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Sharqī informed us, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Hāshim narrated it, thus clearing Ibn Ḥāmid of liability. The fourth: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ḥayyān from Sufyān with it. It was recorded by al-Nujayrmī in "al-Fawāʾid" just before the previous route, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Khuwārizmī, who narrated to us from ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ḥayyān with it. And this Ibn Ḥayyān, Ibn Abī Ḥātim said (2/2/41): "He narrated from Sahl ibn Muʿādh, and al-Layth ibn Saʿīd narrated from him." He is of unknown status, but the ḥāfiẓ mentioned him in "al-Lisān" and said: "Abū Nuʿaym said in his 'History': he came to Iṣfahān and narrated there, and there is strangeness in his ḥadīth." The fifth: al-Firyābī from Sufyān with it, recorded by al-Bazzār in "Musnad" (p. 318 of its additions): al-Faḍl ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf al-Firyābī narrated it. And he said: "We do not know anyone who narrated it with an isnād from this route except Sufyān, nor from him except al-Firyābī." I said: he is trustworthy from the men of the two Shaykhs [al-Bukhārī and Muslim], as are those above him, and thus al-Haythamī said in "al-Majmaʿ" (60/415): "It was narrated by al-Ṭabarānī in 'al-Awsaṭ' and al-Bazzār, and the men of al-Bazzār are the men of the Ṣaḥīḥ." I said: al-Faḍl ibn Yaʿqūb is Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Rukhāmī, and he is trustworthy among the shaykhs of al-Bukhārī, and al-Khaṭīb translated for him (12/316) and mentioned among his shaykhs this al-Firyābī, so the isnād is authentic, and all praise is due to Allāh for His guidance. I said: these are five routes from Sufyān al-Thawrī, none of which contain an accused person except for the first