except for his saying: "May Allāh not fill his stomach," and it seems to be an abridgment by Aḥmad or some of his teachers. In another narration, it adds: "And he was his scribe," and its chain is authentic. Some groups exploit this ḥadīth to criticize Muʿāwiyah (raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhu), but there is nothing in it to support them in that. How could there be, when it mentions that he was the scribe of the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam)? Therefore, al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn ʿAsākir said (16/349/2), "It is the most authentic report regarding the virtue of Muʿāwiyah." It appears that this supplication from him (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) was not intentional, but rather a customary expression of the Arabs in their speech without intention, like his (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) saying about some of his wives, "May your hands be dusty" and "May your right hand be soiled." It is also possible that it was due to his human nature, which he himself (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) expressed in many authentic ḥadīths. Among them is the ḥadīth of ʿĀʾishah (raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhā) who said: "Two men entered upon the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) and spoke to him about something I do not know, and they angered him, so he cursed them and insulted them. When they left, I said: O Messenger of Allāh, whoever receives any good, these two did not. He said: And what is that? I said: You cursed and insulted them. He said: 'Do you not know what I have stipulated with my Lord? I said: O Allāh, I am but a human, so whoever I curse or insult among the Muslims, make it a purification and a reward for him.'"
دون قوله: " لا أشبع الله بطنه " وكأنه من اختصار أحمد أو بعض شيوخه، وزاد في رواية: " وكان كاتبه " وسندها صحيح. وقد يستغل بعض الفرق هذا الحديث ليتخذوا منه مطعنا في معاوية ﵁، وليس فيه ما يساعدهم على ذلك، كيف وفيه أنه كان كاتب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ ! ولذلك قال الحافظ ابن عساكر (١٦ / ٣٤٩ / ٢) " إنه أصح ما ورد في فضل معاوية " فالظاهر أن هذا الدعاء منه ﷺ غير مقصود، بل هو ما جرت به عادة العرب في وصل كلامها بلا نية كقوله ﷺ في بعض نسائه " عقرى حلقى " و " تربت يمينك ". ويمكن أن يكون ذلك منه صلى الله عليه وسلم بباعث البشرية التي أفصح عنها هو نفسه ﵇ في أحاديث كثيرة متواترة. منها حديث عائشة ﵂ قالت: " دخل على رسول الله ﷺ رجلان، فكلماه بشيء لا أدري ما هو فأغضباه، فلعنهما وسبهما، فلما خرجا قلت: يا رسول الله من أصاب من الخير شيئا ما أصابه هذان؟ قال: وما ذاك؟ قالت: قلت: لعنتهما وسببتهما، قال: " أو ما علمت ما شارطت عليه ربي؟ قلت: اللهم إنما أنا بشر، فأي المسلمين لعنته أو سببته فاجعله له زكاة وأجرا ".
- "Do you not know what I have stipulated with my Lord? I said: O Allāh, I am but a human, so whoever I curse or insult among the Muslims, make it a purification and a reward for him." It was narrated by Muslim along with the previous ḥadīth in one chapter, which is "The chapter on whoever the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) cursed or insulted or supplicated against, and he was not deserving of that, it would be purification, reward, and mercy for him." Then he narrated from the ḥadīth of Anas ibn Mālik who said:
- " أو ما علمت ما شارطت عليه ربي؟ قلت: اللهم إنما أنا بشر فأي المسلمين لعنته أو سببته فاجعله له زكاة وأجرا ". رواه مسلم مع الحديث الذي قبله في باب واحد هو " باب من لعنه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أو سبه أو دعا عليه وليس هو أهلا لذلك كان له زكاة وأجرا ورحمة ". ثم ساق فيه من حديث أنس بن مالك قال: