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Servitude
Ibn Taymiyyah
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and people in this regard are on varying levels that only Allāh can enumerate. The most complete of creation, the best, the highest, the closest to Allāh, the strongest, and the most rightly guided are those who have the most complete servitude to Allāh in this respect. This is the true essence of the religion of Islam, which Allāh sent His messengers with and revealed in His books, that the servant submits to Allāh and not to others. Thus, one who submits to Him and to others is a mushrik, and one who refuses to submit to Him is arrogant. It is established in "al-Ṣaḥīḥ" from the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) that "Paradise will not be entered by one who has an atom's weight of arrogance in his heart." Just as the Fire will not be eternally inhabited by one who has an atom's weight of faith in his heart, arrogance is thus made the opposite of faith; for arrogance contradicts the true essence of servitude, as established in "al-Ṣaḥīḥ" from the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) that he said: "Allāh says: Grandeur is My lower garment and pride is My cloak; whoever competes with Me in either of them, I will punish him." Grandeur and pride are attributes exclusive to lordship, and pride is higher than grandeur; hence, it is likened to a cloak, while grandeur is likened to a lower garment. For this reason, the slogan of prayer, the call to prayer, and the festivals is the takbīr, and it is recommended in elevated places like al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah
وَالنَّاس فِي هَذَا على دَرَجَات مُتَفَاوِتَة لَا يحصي طرقها إِلَّا الله. فأكمل الْخلق وأفضلهم وَأَعْلَاهُمْ وأقربهم إِلَى الله وَأَقْوَاهُمْ وأهداهم أتمهم عبودية لله من هَذَا الْوَجْه. وَهَذَا هُوَ حَقِيقَة دين الْإِسْلَام الَّذِي أرسل الله بِهِ رسله وَأنزل بِهِ كتبه وَهُوَ أَن يستسلم العَبْد لله لَا لغيره فالمستسلم لَهُ وَلغيره مُشْرك والممتنع عَن الاستسلام لَهُ مستكبر. وَقد ثَبت فِي " الصَّحِيح " عَن النَّبِي ﷺ: أَن " الْجنَّة لَا يدخلهَا من كَانَ فِي قلبه مِثْقَال ذرة من كبر ". كَمَا أَن النَّار لَا يخلد فِيهَا من كَانَ فِي قلبه مِثْقَال ذرة من إِيمَان، فَجعل الْكبر مُقَابلا للْإيمَان؛ فَإِن الْكبر يُنَافِي حَقِيقَة الْعُبُودِيَّة كَمَا ثَبت فِي " الصَّحِيح " عَن النَّبِي ﷺ أَنه قَالَ: " يَقُول الله: العظمة إزَارِي والكبرياء رِدَائي فَمن نازعنى وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمَا عَذبته ". فالعظمة والكبرياء من خَصَائِص الربوبية والكبرياء أَعلَى من العظمة وَلِهَذَا جعلهَا بِمَنْزِلَة الرِّدَاء كَمَا جعل العظمة بِمَنْزِلَة الْإِزَار. وَلِهَذَا كَانَ شعار الصَّلَاة وَالْأَذَان والأعياد هُوَ التَّكْبِير وَكَانَ مُسْتَحبا فِي الْأَمْكِنَة الْعَالِيَة كالصفا والمروة
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