without right, they are like those cooperating in immorality or highway robbery. Thus, each person is enslaved and subjugated by his own desires, which have enslaved and subjugated him to the other. Similarly, the seeker of wealth is enslaved and subjugated by it. These matters are of two types: some of them are necessities for the servant, like his need for food, drink, shelter, and marriage, and the like. For this, he should seek it from Allāh and desire it from Him, so that wealth is with him, used for his needs, like his donkey which he rides, his carpet which he sits on, or even like the lavatory where he relieves himself, without being enslaved by it. So he becomes ﴿anxious * when touched by distress, impatient * and when touched by good, withholding﴾ (Sūrah al-Maʿārij, 19-21). And among them are those things which the servant does not need, and he should not attach his heart to them. If he attaches his heart to them, he becomes enslaved by them and may rely on something other than Allāh, thus losing the true essence of worship to Allāh and true reliance on Him. Rather, there is in him a portion of worship to other than Allāh and a portion of reliance on other than Allāh. This person is most deserving of the saying of the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam): "Wretched is the servant of the dirham, wretched is the servant of the dinar, wretched is the servant of the luxurious garment, wretched is the servant of the fine cloak." And this is the servant of these matters, for if he..