in "al-Sunnah" (2/177/345) - and he also authenticated it - and Aḥmad (2/484), all of them through the route of al-ʿAlāʾ ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān from his father. 2- Muḥammad ibn Sīrīn from Abū Hurayrah. Narrated by Muslim, and Aḥmad (2/359). 3- al-Ḥasan - who is al-Baṣrī - from Abū Hurayrah. Also narrated by Aḥmad (2/414). I said: the convergence of these routes does not instill confidence in the authenticity of the phrase "Ramadan" in the ḥadīth of Abū Hurayrah. However, I have found some routes and supporting evidence for it, so let us present them to examine whether we can find among them anything that might strengthen it. First: Ibn Abī al-Dunyā said in "Faḍāʾil Ramaḍān" (64/36): Abū Saʿīd al-Madanī narrated to us, saying: Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad al-Farwī narrated to us, saying: Yazīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik narrated from Saʿīd ibn Abī Saʿīd from Abū Hurayrah in a marfūʿ form with the wording: "The month of Ramadan expiates what is between it and the next Ramadan." I said: This isnād is very weak. Abū Saʿīd al-Madanī is ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shabīb al-Rabʿī. Al-Dhahabī said: "A knowledgeable narrator, but weak." Abū Aḥmad al-Ḥākim said: "His ḥadīth is abandoned." And Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad al-Farwī: one of al-Bukhārī's teachers, they weakened him due to his poor memory