and the ḥadīth has a supporting narration from Abū al-Dardāʾ, raised to the level of marfūʿ, with the wording: "Do not associate anything with Allāh... and do not drink alcohol for it is the key to all evil." It is an authentic ḥadīth which I have documented in "al-Irwāʾ" (2086). I found the following supporting narrations for the first part of it: The first: from ʿUthmān (raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhu), raised to the level of marfūʿ, with the wording: "Avoid the mother of all evils..." the ḥadīth. It was recorded by Ibn Ḥibbān in "Ṣaḥīḥ" (5324 - his arrangement) with an isnād that has been critiqued, and a trustworthy narrator contradicted it, stopping it as I clarified in the commentary on "al-Aḥādīth al-Mukhtārah" (number 320). The second: from ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr, raised to the level of marfūʿ: "Avoid everything that intoxicates." It was recorded by Abū Dāwūd (3701) and from him by al-Bayhaqī (8/310) and al-Dāraquṭnī (4/258) and others, and it has been previously documented with other supporting narrations in the second volume (886), so there is no need for repetition.

"When the verse in *al-Furqān* was revealed: *'And those who do not invoke with Allāh another deity or kill the soul which Allāh has forbidden except by right'* (Sūrah al-Furqān, verse 68), we were amazed by its leniency, so we remained for six months, then the verse in *al-Nisāʾ* was revealed: *'And whoever kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell, to abide therein; and the wrath of Allāh is upon him and His curse'* (Sūrah al-Nisāʾ, verse 93) until it was completed." It was recorded by al-Ṭabarānī in "al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr" (5/150/4869) through the route of Saʿīd