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"Trustworthy, but he may err." Ibn Lahīʿah also followed him, narrating from Yazīd ibn Abī Ḥabīb in a similar manner, and his wording is: ".. Should I give charity on her behalf? He said: Did your mother command you to do so? He said: No. He said: Then keep your mother's jewelry with you." It was recorded by Aḥmad (4/157). Then he recorded it through the route of Rushdīn: ʿAmr ibn al-Ḥārith and al-Ḥasan ibn Thawbān narrated to me from Yazīd ibn Abī Ḥabīb in an abridged form. I say: This ḥadīth is also authentic from Ibn Lahīʿah due to the mentioned corroborations. From the understanding of the ḥadīth: Know that the apparent meaning of the ḥadīth indicates that a child cannot give charity on behalf of their mother if she did not bequeath it. However, there are explicit ḥadīths to the contrary, including the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿAbbās: that Saʿd ibn ʿUbādah said: O Messenger of Allāh! My mother passed away while I was absent from her. Will it benefit her if I give charity on her behalf? He said: Yes. It is recorded in "Aḥkām al-Janāʾiz" (p. 172) and "Ṣaḥīḥ Abū Dāwūd" (2566), and there are other ḥadīths with similar meanings mentioned there. I say: Perhaps the reconciliation between this and those is that it can be understood that the man asking was poor and in need, and therefore he was instructed to keep his wealth. This is supported by the fact that he (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) did not answer his question: Will it benefit her if I give charity on her behalf? by saying, for example, "No," but rather said to him: "Keep your wealth," meaning due to his need for it. This is what appears to me. And Allāh knows best.
"صدوق ربما أخطأ". وقد تابعه ابن لهيعة عن يزيد بن أبي حبيب به نحوه، ولفظه: ".. أفأتصدق به عنها؟ قال: أمك أمرتك بذلك؟ قال: لا. قال: فأمسك عليك حلي أمك". أخرجه أحمد (٤ / ١٥٧). ثم أخرجه من طريق رشدين: حدثني عمرو بن الحارث والحسن بن ثوبان عن يزيد بن أبي حبيب به مختصرا. قلت: وهذا الحديث من صحيح حديث ابن لهيعة أيضا للمتابعات المذكورة. من فقه الحديث: واعلم أن ظاهر الحديث يدل أنه ليس للولد أن يتصدق عن أمه إذا لم توص. وقد جاءت أحاديث صريحة بخلافه، منها حديث ابن عباس: أن سعد بن عبادة قال: يا رسول الله! إن أمي توفيت - وأنا غائب عنها - فهل ينفعها إن تصدقت بشيء عنها؟ قال: نعم. وهو مخرج في "أحكام الجنائز" (ص ١٧٢) و "صحيح أبي داود" (٢٥٦٦) وفي معناه أحاديث أخرى مذكورة هناك. أقول: فلعل الجمع بينه وبينها أن يحمل على أن الرجل السائل كان فقيرا محتاجا، ولذلك أمره بأن يمسك ماله. ويؤيده أنه ﷺ لم يجبه على سؤاله: فهل ينفعها إن تصدقت عنها؟ بقوله مثلا: "لا"، وإنما قال له: "احبس عليك مالك"، أي لحاجته إليه. هذا ما بدا لي. والله أعلم.
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