and in the ḥadīth, there is also an indication that the term Islam is distinct from faith. Scholars have differed greatly on this matter, but the truth is what the majority of the predecessors have concluded, which is to differentiate between them, as evidenced by the Book and the sunnah. Allāh said: "The Bedouins say, 'We have believed.' Say, 'You have not [yet] believed; but say [instead], 'We have submitted,' for faith has not yet entered your hearts.'" (Sūrah al-Ḥujurāt, verse 14). The ḥadīth of Gabriel regarding the distinction between Islam and faith is well-known and famous. Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allāh have mercy on him, said in his book "al-Īmān" (p. 305, Islamic Office edition). "Referring back to Allāh and His Messenger in the matter of Islam and faith necessitates that each of the two names, even though their meanings are obligatory, and no one deserves Paradise unless they are a believer and a Muslim, the truth in this is what the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) explained in the ḥadīth of Gabriel. He made the religion and its people three levels: the first is Islam, the middle is faith, and the highest is excellence. Whoever reaches the highest has reached the one that follows it, so the one who excels is a believer, and the believer is a Muslim, but the Muslim does not necessarily have to be a believer." Whoever wishes to expand on this issue with precise investigation should refer to the mentioned book, as it is the best work authored on this subject. The following bears witness to the ḥadīth: "The sons of al-ʿĀṣ are believers: Hishām and ʿAmr."

- "The sons of al-ʿĀṣ are believers: Hishām and ʿAmr." It was narrated by ʿAffān ibn Muslim in "His Ḥadīth" (p. 238/2), who said: Ḥammād ibn Salamah narrated to us, who said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr narrated from Abū Salamah from Abū Hurayrah, who attributed it [to the Prophet]. It was also narrated by Aḥmad (2/354) and Ibn Saʿd (4/191) through the route of ʿAffān with the same chain