- "No people ever broke a covenant except that killing occurred among them, no immorality appeared among a people except that Allāh imposed death upon them, and no people withheld zakāh except that Allāh withheld rain from them." Narrated by al-Ḥākim (2/126) and al-Bayhaqī (3/346) through the route of Bashīr ibn Muhājir from ʿAbd Allāh ibn Buraydah from his father. Al-Ḥākim said: "Authentic according to the conditions of Muslim," and al-Dhahabī agreed with him. I say: It is as they said, except that Bashīr has been criticized regarding his memory, and in "Taqrīb" it is mentioned that he is truthful but weak in ḥadīth. He was contradicted in his isnād, as al-Bayhaqī said afterward: "This is how Bashīr ibn al-Muhājir narrated it." Then he provided his isnād through the route of al-Ḥusayn ibn Wāqid from ʿAbd Allāh ibn Buraydah from Ibn ʿAbbās who said: "No people broke a covenant except that Allāh imposed their enemy upon them, no immorality spread among a people except that Allāh took them with death, no people cheated in weights except that Allāh took them with years [of hardship], no people withheld zakāh except that Allāh withheld rain from the sky, and no people were unjust in judgment except that calamity occurred among them—I think he said—and killing." I say: Its isnād is authentic and it is mawqūf in the ruling of marfūʿ, because it is not said from personal opinion. Al-Ṭabarānī also narrated it in "al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr" as marfūʿ through another route: from Isḥāq ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Kaysān al-Marwazī: narrated to us by my father from al-Ḍaḥḥāk ibn Muzāḥim from