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I said: As for Qays ibn Ādam, I did not find a biography for him, but his grandfather Azhar ibn Saʿd is trustworthy among the narrators of the two Shaykhs. So perhaps the discrepancy is not from him but from his grandson, and the correct narration is that of al-Qurashī from al-Taymī, as it was corroborated. Imām Aḥmad said (3/299): Yaḥyá ibn Saʿīd narrated to us from ʿUbayd Allāh ibn al-Akhnas from Abū al-Zubayr from Jābir from the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) and he mentioned it. Muslim also recorded it (6/154) through the route of Rūḥ ibn ʿUbādah, who said ʿUbayd Allāh narrated it to me, with the wording: "None of you should lie on his back and then place one of his legs over the other." Then it was also recorded by him, al-Tirmidhī, Aḥmad (3/349), and al-Ṭaḥāwī through the route of al-Layth from Abū al-Zubayr with the wording: "He forbade the wrapping in a single garment and sitting with one’s knees drawn up in a single garment, and that a man raises one of his legs over the other while lying on his back." Al-Tirmidhī said: "A ḥadīth that is ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ." It was also recorded by Muslim and Aḥmad (3/297 and 322) through the route of Ibn Jurayj: Abū al-Zubayr informed me that he heard Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh narrate it similarly. There is also supporting evidence for the ḥadīth from Abū Hurayrah, raised [to the Prophet]: "He forbade a man to lie on his back and place one of his legs over the other." It was recorded by al-Ṭaḥāwī and Ibn Ḥibbān (1961) through the route of Rūḥ ibn al-Qāsim from ʿAmr ibn Dīnār from Abū Bakr ibn Ḥafṣ from ʿUmar ibn Saʿd ibn Abī Waqqāṣ from him. I said: And this isnād is authentic according to the criteria of the two Shaykhs. (Note): Al-Suyūṭī mentioned it with the wording (his back) instead of "his back." He attributed it to al-Tirmidhī from al-Barāʾ and Aḥmad from Jābir, and al-Bazzār from Ibn ʿAbbās. I did not find its origin from the ḥadīth of al-Barāʾ with al-Tirmidhī or others. (Important Benefit): As for the ḥadīth that includes the reasoning for the prohibition of lying on one's back, claiming that Allāh, the Exalted, lay on His back when He created His creation! It is very objectionable, as I have verified in "al-Ḍaʿīfah" (755). So refer to it.
قلت: وقيس بن آدم لم أجد له ترجمة وأما جده أزهر بن سعد فهو ثقة من رجال الشيخين. فلعل المخالفة ليست منه بل من حفيده والصواب رواية القرشي عن التيمي، فقد توبع عليها، فقال الإمام أحمد (٣ / ٢٩٩) حدثنا يحيى بن سعيد عن عبيد الله بن الأخنس عن أبي الزبير عن جابر عن النبي ﷺ فذكره. وأخرجه مسلم (٦ / ١٥٤) من طريق روح بن عبادة حدثني عبيد الله به ولفظه: " لا يستلقين أحدكم، ثم يضع إحدى رجليه على الأخرى ". ثم أخرجه هو والترمذي وأحمد (٣ / ٣٤٩) والطحاوي من طريق الليث عن أبي الزبير به بلفظ: " نهى عن اشتمال الصماء والاحتباء في ثوب واحد وأن يرفع الرجل إحدى رجليه على الأخرى وهو مستلق على ظهره ". وقال الترمذي: " حديث حسن صحيح ". وأخرجه مسلم وأحمد (٣ / ٢٩٧ و ٣٢٢) من طريق ابن جريج: أخبرني أبو الزبير أنه سمع جابر ابن عبد الله به نحوه. وللحديث شاهد من حديث أبي هريرة مرفوعا. " نهى أن يستلقي الرجل ويثني إحدى رجليه على الأخرى ". أخرجه الطحاوي وابن حبان (١٩٦١) من طريق روح بن القاسم عن عمرو بن دينار عن أبي بكر بن حفص عن عمر بن سعد بن أبي وقاص عنه. قلت: وهذا إسناد صحيح على شرط الشيخين. (تنبيه) : أورده السيوطي بلفظ (قفاه) بدل " ظهره ". وعزاه للترمذي عن البراء وأحمد عن جابر، والبزار عن ابن عباس. ولم أجد له أصلا من حديث البراء عند الترمذي أو غيره. (فائدة هامة) : وأما الحديث الذي فيه تعليل النهي عن الاستلقاء بأن الله تعالى استلقى لما خلق خلقه! فهو منكر جدا كما حققته في " الضعيفة " (٧٥٥) . فراجعه.
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