"The believer is simple and noble, while the wicked is deceitful and ignoble." It was recorded by al-Bukhārī in "al-Adab al-Mufrad" (418), Abū Dāwūd (4790), al-Tirmidhī (1/356), al-Ḥākim (1/43), and al-ʿUqaylī in "al-Ḍuʿafāʾ" (p. 56) and Ibn ʿAdī in "al-Kāmil" (33/2) through the chain of Bishr ibn Rāfiʿ from Yaḥyā ibn Abī Kathīr from Abū Salamah from Abū Hurayrah who said: The Messenger of Allāh (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) said it, and he mentioned it. Al-Tirmidhī said: "It is a strange ḥadīth; we do not know it except from this route." This is what he said, and there is scrutiny in it, as clarified by al-ʿUqaylī's statement: "Bishr ibn Rāfiʿ is not followed upon it except by someone close to him in weakness." I say: This Bishr is weak in ḥadīth as mentioned in "al-Taqrīb," and he was followed by al-Ḥajjāj ibn Farāfiṣah from Yaḥyā ibn Abī Kathīr with it. It was recorded by Abū Dāwūd and al-Ṭaḥāwī in "Mushkil al-Āthār" (4/202), Aḥmad (2/394), al-Qaḍāʿī in "Musnad al-Shihāb" (3/2/1-2), Abū Nuʿaym (3/11), al-Khaṭīb (9/38), and also al-Ḥākim, as well as in "ʿUlūm al-Ḥadīth" (p. 117). He said in "al-Mustadrak": "Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Farāfiṣah, Ibn Maʿīn said: There is no harm in him, and Abū Ḥātim said: A righteous, devout man." However, in "Maʿrifat al-ʿUlūm," he criticized it because al-Ḥajjāj did not name his teacher in Sufyān's narration from him, but rather said: "From a man from Abū Salamah." This is the narration of Aḥmad and Abū Dāwūd, and this is a non-detrimental flaw, as he named him in some other narrations, and they are firmly established from him. And this al-Ḥajjāj, the ḥāfiẓ said in "al-Taqrīb": "Truthful, devout, but makes mistakes."