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It was recorded by al-Ṭaḥāwī and al-Ḥākim, and from him by al-Bayhaqī, who weakened it by saying: "Salamah ibn al-Faḍl al-Abrash narrates rejected reports." I said: And al-Ḥāfiẓ said: "Trustworthy, but makes many mistakes." There is another flaw, which is the ʿanʿanah of Ibn Isḥāq, as he is a known mudallis. Despite this, al-Ḥākim said: "Authentic according to the conditions of Muslim." al-Dhahabī refuted it by saying: "He said so, but Salamah was not relied upon by Muslim, although he was deemed trustworthy, and Ibn Rāhawayh weakened him." I said: Likewise, Ibn Isḥāq was not relied upon by Muslim, except for corroboration, as he is a mudallis and used ʿanʿanah. Imām al-Ṭaḥāwī said after it: "It became clear to us through the ḥadīth of ʿĀʾishah (raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhā) that the statement of the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) mentioned by Abū Hurayrah: 'The child of adultery is the worst of the three' was specific to a particular person who caused harm to the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam), which led him to become a disbeliever, worse than his mother and the adulterer who caused her to conceive him." And we ask Allāh, the Exalted, for success. I said: However, in the isnād of her ḥadīth, there is known weakness, which prevents interpreting the ḥadīth with it. It is preferable to interpret it with the statement of Sufyān, supported by two elevated ḥadīths, even if they are weak, unless something stronger appears, in which case it should be adopted. It seems from the words of Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allāh have mercy on him, in his treatise "al-Manār," that he inclined towards this interpretation, because its implication is that the ḥadīth is not general. He mentioned the ḥadīth "The child of adultery will not enter Paradise," and narrated Ibn al-Jawzī's statement that it is opposed by the verse *"And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another."*
أخرجه الطحاوي والحاكم وعنه البيهقي وضعفه بقوله: " سلمة بن الفضل الأبرش يروي مناكير ". قلت: وقال الحافظ: " صدوق كثير الخطأ ". وفيه علة أخرى وهي عنعنة ابن إسحاق فإنه مدلس، ومع ذلك فقد قال الحاكم: " صحيح على شرط مسلم ". !ورده الذهبي بقوله: " كذا قال، وسلمة لم يحتج به (م) وقد وثق، وضعفه ابن راهويه ". قلت: وكذلك ابن إسحاق لم يحتج به مسلم، وإنما روى له متابعة على أنه مدلس وقد عنعنه. قال الإمام الطحاوي عقبه: " فبان لنا بحديث عائشة ﵂ أن قول رسول الله ﷺ الذي ذكره عنه أبو هريرة: " ولد الزنا شر الثلاثة " إنما كان لإنسان بعينه كان منه من الأذى لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ما كان منه مما صار به كافرا شرا من أمه، ومن الزاني الذي كان حملها به منه. والله تعالى نسأله التوفيق. قلت: ولكن في إسناد حديثها ما علمت من الضعف وذلك يمنع من تفسير الحديث به. فالأولى تفسيره بقول سفيان المؤيد بحديثين مرفوعين، ولو كانا ضعيفين إلا أن يبدو لأحد ما هو أقوى منه، فيصار حينئذ إليه. ويبدو من كلام ابن القيم رحمه الله في رسالته " المنار "، أنه جنح إلى هذا التفسير، لأن مؤداه إلى أن الحديث ليس على عمومه، فقد ذكر حديث " لا يدخل الجنة ولد زنا "، وحكى قول ابن الجوزي أنه معارض لآية * (ولا تزر وازرة ... ) *
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