and what was understood from the words of the two shaykhs after Shaykh Ibn ʿUthaymīn was read the previous statement of al-Albānī regarding the issue of takfīr and ruling by other than what Allāh has revealed. Then the commentary of the esteemed Ibn Bāz on the statement of the esteemed al-Albānī was read to him, and thereafter, may Allāh preserve him, he provided a comprehensive and beneficial commentary on both statements as a summary of what preceded, asking Allāh to make it beneficial. that disbelief is for the one who deems it permissible, but as for the one who rules by it considering it a sin and disobedience: this person is not a disbeliever because he does not deem it permissible, but it may be due to fear, inability, or something similar. Based on this, the three verses, that is, His saying, the Exalted: "And whoever does not judge by what Allāh has revealed, then it is they who are the disbelievers" and His saying, the Exalted: "And whoever does not judge by what Allāh has revealed, then it is they who are the wrongdoers" and His saying, the Exalted: "And whoever does not judge by what Allāh has revealed, then it is they who are the defiantly disobedient" are applied to three conditions: 1 - The one who rules by other than what Allāh has revealed as a replacement for the religion of Allāh, this is major disbelief that takes one out of the fold of Islam because he has made himself a legislator alongside Allāh and because he dislikes His sharīʿah. 2 - The one who rules by it due to a desire within himself or fear for himself or something similar, this person does not disbelieve but transitions to being defiantly disobedient