control things; they might resort to illusions and claim necessity in them, mocking those who disagree. They might also reject necessities, saying: this is a corrupt illusion, and mock those who argue with it. Therefore, we should uncover this necessity they claimed here. We say: if you observe a rational person from the general public, and you raise your hands spread apart in the air, about a span apart, and then ask him: Is there anything between my hands? He would say: No. So where is the necessity? Then we say: You mentioned that the philosophers agree that outside the world is pure non-existence, and the theologians agree that outside the world is a void, i.e., an imagined distance. You supported the philosophers' view when it was said to you: If it were assumed that a person is at the edge of the world and extends his hand outside, you said: It does not penetrate. You were asked: Is the body prevented? You said: No, but the condition for penetration is space, and there is no space there. We say to you: Is it possible for Allāh, the Exalted, to create outside the world a narrow elongated space where a hand can extend? If they do not deny it, they say: Yes! We say: Let's assume a curved body in the shape of a half-circle, for example, with a surface on which a person can sit. A group rides on this arc, and the ends of the arc are directed outside the world. Let's assume, according to your claim, that space is something existent, and that there is no space outside the world. Allāh created there a space the size of an opening through which the end of that body with those on it penetrates. That arc is rotated, and Allāh creates space in front of it until the end that began to penetrate is returned to another point at the edge of the world, forming a shape of an arc and a sphere at the edge of the world. Would there be a distance between the inside of the arc and the surface of the world?