he is wretched and overturned, thus he neither attains what is sought nor escapes from what is disliked, and this

and this is described as one who, if given, is pleased, and if withheld, is displeased, as Allāh said (Sūrah al-Tawbah, 58): "And among them are those who criticize you concerning the distribution of charities. If they are given from it, they are pleased, but if they are not given from it, at once they become angry." Their pleasure is not for Allāh, nor is their displeasure. Similarly, this is the state of one who is attached to leadership or appearances—or similar desires of his soul—if he obtains it, he is pleased, and if he does not, he is displeased. Thus, he is a servant to what he desires from that, and he is enslaved to it, for true enslavement and servitude is the enslavement and servitude of the heart. Whatever enslaves and captivates the heart, he is its servant. Hence, it is said: the servant is free as long as he is content... and the free man is a servant as long as he is greedy. And the poet said: I obeyed my desires, and they enslaved me... and if I had been content, I would have been free. It is also said: greed is a shackle around the neck and a fetter on the foot, so when the shackle is removed from the neck, the fetter is removed from the foot