he perceives, tastes, and finds in his heart, despite the heedlessness of Allāh, the Glorious and Exalted, and similar matters. These people do not use predestination as an argument at all; rather, their main reliance is on following their opinions and desires, making what they see and desire the truth, and they command following it instead of following the command of Allāh and His Messenger. This is similar to the innovations of the people of kalām, such as the Jahmiyyah and others, who make their invented statements, which contradict the Book and the sunnah, intellectual truths that must be believed instead of what the revealed texts indicate. Then, as for the Book and the sunnah, they either distort the words from their places or completely disregard them, neither contemplating nor understanding them, but rather saying: "We entrust its meaning to Allāh," while believing the opposite of its indication. And when these people are scrutinized regarding what they claim of intellectual matters that contradict the Book and the sunnah, they are found to hold ignorant and corrupt beliefs. Similarly, when those people are scrutinized regarding what they claim as the truths of the friends of Allāh that contradict the Book and the sunnah, they are found to follow desires that are pursued by the enemies of Allāh, not His friends. The root of the misguidance of those who have gone astray is in preferring their analogy over the text revealed by Allāh and preferring following desires over following the command of Allāh. For taste and perception and the like are according to what the servant loves and desires, so every lover has taste and perception according to his love and desire. The people of faith have taste and perception like what the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) has explained