except by permission of Allāh. And whoever believes in Allāh, He will guide his heart." Some of the righteous predecessors said: It is the man who is struck by a disaster and knows that it is from Allāh, so he is content and submits. And Allāh, the Exalted, said (al-Ḥadīd 22-23): "No disaster strikes upon the earth or among yourselves except that it is in a register before We bring it into being—indeed that, for Allāh, is easy * In order that you not despair over what has eluded you and not exult [in pride] over what He has given you." And in "the two Ṣaḥīḥs" from the Prophet (ṣallá Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam), it is reported that he said: "Adam and Mūsá argued, and Mūsá said: 'You are Adam whom Allāh created with His hand and breathed into you of His spirit and made His angels prostrate to you and taught you the names of all things. So why did you expel us and yourself from Paradise?' Adam replied: 'You are Mūsá whom Allāh chose with His messages and His words. Did you find that written against me before I was created?' He said: 'Yes.' Adam said: 'Then Adam defeated Mūsá in argument.'" And Adam (peace be upon him) did not use predestination as an argument against Mūsá thinking that the sinner can use it as an excuse