are established by Allāh, managed by His command, and he witnesses their multitude as nonexistent in the oneness of Allāh. And that He, glorified be He, is the Lord, God, Creator, and Owner of the manufactured beings. Thus, with his heart united in sincerity, love, fear, hope, seeking help, reliance on Allāh, loyalty for His sake, and enmity for His sake, and similar matters, he observes the distinction between the Creator and the created, discerning between this and that. He witnesses the dispersion and multitude of the created beings while witnessing that Allāh is the Lord, Sovereign, and Creator of everything, and that He is Allāh, there is no deity except Him. This is the correct and upright witnessing, and it is obligatory in the knowledge of the heart, its testimony, remembrance, awareness, and in the state of the heart, its worship, intention, will, love, loyalty, and obedience. This is the realization of the testimony that there is no deity except Allāh, for it negates from his heart the divinity of anything other than the Truth and affirms in his heart the divinity of the Truth. Thus, he denies the divinity of everything among the created beings and affirms the divinity of the Lord of the worlds, the Lord of the earth and the heavens. This entails the unification of the heart upon Allāh and separation from what is other than Him. Thus, he differentiates in his knowledge and intention, in his testimony and will, in his awareness and love, between the Creator and the created, such that he is knowledgeable of Allāh, remembering Him, and aware of Him. And with that, he is knowledgeable of His distinction from His creation, His uniqueness apart from them, and His oneness without them. He is loving Allāh, venerating Him, worshiping Him, hoping for Him, fearing Him, loving for His sake, loyal for His sake, hostile for His sake, seeking help from Him, relying on Him, refraining from worshiping others and relying on them