continue this view consistently, nor do they adhere to it. Rather, they follow their own opinions and desires, as some scholars have said about them: "You are a Qadarī when it comes to obedience, and a Jabriy when it comes to disobedience. Whichever doctrine aligns with your desires, you adopt it." Among them are those who claim realization and knowledge, asserting that commands and prohibitions are obligatory for those who attribute actions to themselves and affirm attributes for themselves. However, for those who witness that their actions are created or that they are compelled in this, and that Allāh is the one directing them as He moves all things, then commands, prohibitions, promises, and warnings are lifted from them. They may say: "Whoever witnesses the divine will is relieved of obligation," claiming that al-Khiḍr was relieved of obligation due to his witnessing of the divine will. These individuals differentiate between the common people and the elite who have witnessed the cosmic reality, witnessing that Allāh is the creator of the actions of the servants and that He is the one who wills and manages all beings. They may differentiate between those who know this by knowledge and those who see it by witnessing, so they do not relieve obligation from those who merely believe and know it, but [they relieve it] from those who witness it and thus do not see any action for themselves at all. And these individuals..